First of all, check your current keyboard language configuration (in this example the current configuration is ES, Spanish) :

# localectl status

   System Locale: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
       VC Keymap: es
      X11 Layout: es

With this keyboard configuration you can use a Spanish QWERTY keyboard.

But, what if you need to change it to a French AZERTY keyboard you can follow the next steps :

For a permanent configuration

You can list all the French codes with the command :

# localectl list-keymaps | grep fr

And to change the configuration to a French AZERTY keyboard just execute :

# localectl set-keymap fr

And if you use a graphic interface, execute too the following :

# localectl set-x11-keymap fr

And then if you execute the status command, you will see the fr code in the current configuration :

# localectl status

   System Locale: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
       VC Keymap: fr
      X11 Layout: fr

Other language codes :

You can configure your keyboard as well in English, German, Portuguese, Italian, Chinese or any other language.

For listing all the codes, just execute this command :

# localectl list-keymaps

...
us
us-mac
...
de
de-qwerty
...
pt
pt-latin1
...
it
it-mac
...
cn
cn-altgr-pinyin
...